The famous - Muslim - ruler of the subcontinent

 The famous Muslim ruler of the subcontinent

The history of the Empire of Ujjain Upahradila is very long and important. This was the place where the conquest of the subcontinent began in the 12th to 16th centuries. But the Delhi Sultanate has to be read in large parts of the subcontinent through Islam. In 1204, Bakhtiyar Khilji conquered Bengal which was the easternmost part of the then Muslim world. In the 14th century, Alauddin Khilji of the Khilji dynasty extended the borders of his empire to the southern plateau of Gujarat, Rajasthan and the Deccan, and the Tughlaq dynasty extended their borders to Tamil Nadu. Before the Maratha Empire and the British Empire, the Muslim Mughal Empire was able to occupy or subdue most of the states of India.

1. Jalal Uddin Muhammad Akbar

Akbar the Great

Jalal Uddin Muhammad Akbar

Jalal Uddin Muhammad Akbar is considered to be the greatest ruler of India. He is called Akbar the Great, one of the greatest rulers in the history of the world. Baba, the third emperor of the Mughal Empire, took over the rule of India in 1556 at the age of 14 after the death of Emperor Humayun. He was born on 23 November 1542. Then under the supervision of Bairam Khan, Emperor Akbar continued to expand his empire throughout South Asia. In 1560, Akbar himself took over all the power by removing Bairam. Akbar continued to expand his empire in India and Afghanistan. Until his death in 1805, almost all of northern India came under his rule. After Akbar's death, his son Emperor Jahangir took over the rule of India. Emperor Akbar first divided the regime into two parts to strengthen it. 

1. Central governance, 

2. Provincial governance

Akbar himself was the head of the central administration. The various departments under the Center, including the Economic Department, the War Department, the Salary and Accounts Department, the Judiciary Department, the Postal Department, and the Intelligence Department, were also in charge. A total of fifteen provinces were set up to manage the vast empire in an orderly manner. . In each province, a chief governor was appointed. He has proved his foresight by managing the state system in such a well-planned manner. The architectures developed during Akbar's reign show his knowledge of architectural style. The then capital Fatehpur Sikri got a place in the list of places of interest in the world in 1986.

2. Sher Shah Shuri

'Sher Khan'

Sher Shah Shuri

Sher Shah was the emperor of India and the founder of the Shura dynasty. He was the son of Hasan Khan Shur, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar. He was born in 1472 AD. His real name is Farid. Leaving home at an early age, he took up a job under Sultan Bahar Khan Lohani of Bihar. For his courage and bravery, Bahar Khan awarded him the title of 'Sher Khan'. After the death of Bahar Khan, Sher Khan became the de facto ruler of Bihar as the guardian of his minor son Jalal Khan. Through marital relations, Chunar fort, located in a military advantage, came under his control. As his power increased, Jalal Khan's other nobles became jealous of Sher Khan. Provoked by their misfortune, Jalal Khan sought the help of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah of Bengal to free himself from the domination of Sher Khan. But Sher Khan defeated the combined forces of Mahmud Shah and Jalal Khan at the battle of Surajgarh in 1534 AD. As a result of this victory, his absolute authority over Bihar was established. In 1538 Sher Khan invaded Bengal and defeated Sultan Mahmud Shah. But when the Mughal emperor Humayun advanced towards Bengal, Sher Khan advanced Bengal. After defeating Humayun at the Battle of Chausar (near Boxer) in 1539, he took the title of 'Shah' and recaptured Bengal. In a short span of only five years, Sher Shah restructured the administration by providing peace and order in the empire.

He divided his empire into 47 governments and each government into several parganas. In this administrative system there were 19 governments in Bengal. In each government, two high-ranking officials with the titles of Sikdar-i-Sikdaran (Chief Sikdar) and Munsif-i-Munsifan (Chief Munsif) were appointed.

3. Delhi Sultanate

Qutbuddin Aibek

Qutbuddin Aibek

Qutbuddin Aibek is from the Indian subcontinent One of the best rulers. This eminent sultan of the Delhi Sultanate was a medieval Turkish ruler. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi and the founder of the Delhi Sultanate. He ruled as Sultan for only four years from 1206 to 1210 AD. He was called 'Lakhbakhsh' for his generosity. He has donated a lot of money to the poor. He died in 1210 after falling from a horse while playing polo.

4. Mughal Empire

Muhammad Babar

Muhammad Babar

Emperor Babur established the Mughal Empire in the subcontinent. His full name is Mirza Zahiruddin Muhammad Babar. He was born on 14 February 1483. Uzbekistan is the birthplace of this famous Muslim emperor of Central Asia. He was a direct descendant of Timur Log and a maternal descendant of Genghis Khan. He was the son of Mirza Omar Saikh Beg, and the great-grandson of Ulugh Beg, the ruler of Taimuri. He established the Mughal Empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty of Delhi in the first battle of Panipat. After his death, his son Mirza Humayun ascended the throne. He was the first to use cannon in the waterway war in this subcontinent.

5. Mughal Empire

Muhammad Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb was one of the most famous emperors of the Mughal Empire. Al-Sultan Al-Azam Wal Thakan Al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb was called him. He was also known as Bahadur Alamgir and King Ghazi, the first Alamgir. He ruled the Mughal Empire for 49 years from 1658 to his death. In fact he ruled almost the entire Indian subcontinent.

6. Turkish Afghan

Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji

Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji was one of the most powerful rulers. He is also known as Bakhtiyar Khilji. He was a Turkish-Afghan general of the Ghuri dynasty, a soldier of the early Delhi Sultanate. He was the first Muslim to defeat Lakshman Sen and conquer Bengal and Bihar. Islam spread widely in eastern India during his time. It is said that in the history of the Indian subcontinent, most people in Bengal converted to Islam.He weakened Buddhism from India.

7. Ahmed Shah Durrani

"Shah Dur-i-Duran"

Ahmad Shah Abdali or Ahmad Shah Durrani means the powerful sultan of the subcontinent. But in Afghanistan he is better known as Ahmad Shah Baba or Baba E-Afghan. He is the father of modern Afghanistan. Afghan Loya in 1747. When he became king with the approval of the jirga, he took the title of 'Shah Dur-i-Duran' according to the custom of the time. It means' King, the best pearl of pearls. Durrani replaced Abdali in his own name. Kandahar is his capital. He started the Durrani dynasty of Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah joined the army of Afsarid State at a young age and very soon he reached 4,000. Abdali got the opportunity to serve as the commander of the Pashtun army. When Nader Shah Afsar of Persia died in June 1747, Ahmad Shah became the Amir of Khorasan. With his Pashtun tribes and their allies, he demarcated the Mughal and Maratha empires in the east, the Afsarism empire in Persia in the west, and the Khanate of Bukhara in the north.

8. Khilji Dynasty

Alauddin Khilji

Alauddin Khilji was the second and most powerful ruler of the Khilji dynasty. Who ruled Khilji in the Indian subcontinent from Delhi. He wanted to mention someone as powerful as Alexander in Indian history. So he introduced himself as Alexander II (Alexander the Great). He introduced the coin in his own name and ordered a description of his accomplishments in a statement before the Friday sermon. Alauddin Khilji was the nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin Khilji.

9. Muhammad turned around

Ghuri Empire

Muhammad Ghuri was a famous politician and visionary state director. He understood the miserable political situation in India. So here he wanted to establish a permanent state. Sultan Mahmud did not want to live permanently in the Indian subcontinent. He came to this country and won various wars, but later returned to his homeland. None of his expeditions other than the sale of the Punjab yielded lasting results. Muhammad Ghurir's policy in this regard was completely unique. He wanted to establish his victory in the subcontinent by conquering the kingdom. His first and foremost goal was to establish permanent Muslim rule in India. So he used all his strength to establish an empire in this country. Despite a few defeats, he never gave up or gave up, but rather avenged the defeat with double enthusiasm. His victory increased the national pride of the Muslims. Under his supervision he formed a group of skilled ruling classes. They kept his faith intact.